Of The Spir

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and the search mode etymo survey says ....
spirit (v.) 1590s, "to make more active or energetic" (of blood, alcohol, etc.), from spirit (n.). The meaning "carry off or away secretly" (as though by supernatural agency) is first recorded 1660s.spiritual (adj.) "of or concerning the spirit" (especially in religious aspects), c.1300, from O.Fr. spirituel (12c.), from L. spiritualis, from spiritus "of breathing, of the spirit" (see spirit). Meaning "of or concerning the church" is attested from mid-14c. The noun sense of "African-American religious song" first recorded 1866. spirit (n.) mid-13c., "animating or vital principle in man and animals," from O.Fr. espirit, from L. spiritus "soul, courage, vigor, breath," related to spirare "to breathe," from PIE *(s)peis- "to blow" (cf. O.C.S. pisto "to play on the flute"). Original usage in English mainly from passages in Vulgate, where the Latin word translates Gk. pneuma and Heb. ruah. Distinction between "soul" and "spirit" (as "seat of emotions") became current in Christian terminology (e.g. Gk. psykhe vs. pneuma, L. anima vs. spiritus) but "is without significance for earlier periods" [Buck]. L. spiritus, usually in classical L. "breath," replaces animus in the sense "spirit" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Gk. pneuma. Meaning "supernatural being" is attested from c.1300 (see ghost); that of "essential principle of something" (in a non-theological sense, e.g. Spirit of St. Louis) is attested from 1690, common after 1800. Plural form spirits "volatile substance" is an alchemical idea, first attested 1610; sense narrowed to "strong alcoholic liquor" by 1670s. This also is the sense in spirit level (1768).spirited (adj.) "lively, energetic," 1590s, from spirit (n.).spiritualist 1852, "one who believes in the ability of the living to communicate with the dead via a medium," from spiritual + -ist (also see spirit). Every two or three years the Americans have a paroxysm of humbug -- ... at the present time it is Spiritual-ism. [J.Dix, "Transatlantic Tracings," 1853] guts "spirit, courage," 1893, figurative plural of gut. The idea of the bowels as the seat of the spirit goes back to at least mid-14c.esprit (n.) 1590s, from M.Fr. esprit "spirit, mind," from O.Fr. espirit, from L. spiritus "spirit" (see spirit). For initial e-, see especial. Esprit de corps first recorded 1780. French also has the excellent phrase esprit de l'escalier, lit. "spirit of the staircase," defined in OED as, "a retort or remark that occurs to a person after the opportunity to make it has passed." It also has espirit fort, a "strong-minded" person, one independent of current prejudices, especially a freethinker in religion.sprite (n.) c.1300, from O.Fr. esprit "spirit," from L. spiritus (see spirit (n.)).Asmodeus evil spirit, prince of demons, from L. Asmodaeus, from Gk. Asmodaios, from Talmudic Heb. Ashmeday, from Avestan Aeshma-dæva, "Aeshma the deceitful," from aeshma "anger," daeva- "spirit, demon."obsession (n.) 1510s, "action of besieging," from Fr. obsession and directly from L. obsessionem (nom. obsessio) "siege, blockade, a blocking up," noun of action from pp. stem of obsidere "to besiege" (see obsess). Later (c.1600), "hostile action of an evil spirit" (like possession but without the spirit actually inhabiting the body). Transferred sense of "action of anything which engrosses the mind" is from 1670s. Psychological sense is from 1901.genius (n.) late 14c., "tutelary god (classical or pagan)," from L. genius "guardian deity or spirit which watches over each person from birth; spirit, incarnation, wit, talent;" also "prophetic skill," originally "generative power," from root of gignere "beget, produce" (see kin), from PIE root *gen- "produce." Sense of "characteristic disposition" is from 1580s. Meaning "person of natural intelligence or talent" and that of "natural ability" are first recorded 1640s.zeitgeist (n.) 1848, from Ger. Zeitgeist, lit. "spirit of the age," from Zeit "time" (see tide) + Geist "spirit" (see ghost).aikido (n.) Japanese art of self-defense, 1936, lit. "way of adapting the spirit," from Japanese ai "together" + ki "spirit" + do "way, art," from Chinese tao "way."demon c.1200, from L. daemon "spirit," from Gk. daimon "deity, divine power; lesser god; guiding spirit, tutelary deity" (sometimes including souls of the dead); "one's genius, lot, or fortune;" from PIE *dai-mon- "divider, provider" (of fortunes or destinies), from root *da- "to divide" (see tide). Used (with daimonion) in Christian Greek translations and Vulgate for "god of the heathen" and "unclean spirit." Jewish authors earlier had employed the Greek word in this sense, using it to render shedim "lords, idols" in the Septuagint, and Matt. viii:31 has daimones, translated as deofol in O.E., feend or deuil in Middle English. Another O.E. word for this was hellcniht, lit. "hell-knight." The original mythological sense is sometimes written daemon for purposes of distinction. The Demon of Socrates was a daimonion, a "divine principle or inward oracle." His accusers, and later the Church Fathers, however, represented this otherwise. The Demon Star (1895) is Algol. G-string (n.) 1878, geestring, "loincloth worn by American Indian," originally the string that holds it up, etymology unknown. The spelling with G (1882) is perhaps from influence of violin string tuned to a G (in this sense G string is first recorded 1831), the lowest and heaviest of the violin strings. First used of women's attire 1936, with reference to strip-teasers. I AM the spirit of the silver "G": I am silvered sadness, I am moonlit gladness, I am that fine madness Of reverence half, and half of ecstasy [from "Spirit of the 'G' String," Alfred L. Donaldson, in "Songs of My Violin," 1901] psyche (n.) 1640s, "animating spirit," from L. psyche, from Gk. psykhe "the soul, mind, spirit, breath, life, the invisible animating principle or entity which occupies and directs the physical body" (personified as Psykhe, the lover of Eros), akin to psykhein "to blow, cool," from PIE root *bhes- "to blow" (cf. Skt. bhas-). The word had extensive sense development in Platonic philosophy and Jewish-influenced theological writing of St. Paul. In English, psychological sense is from 1910.ghost (n.) O.E. gast "soul, spirit, life, breath; good or bad spirit, angel, demon," from P.Gmc. *ghoizdoz (cf. O.S. gest, O.Fris. jest, M.Du. gheest, Du. geest, Ger. Geist "spirit, ghost"), from PIE root *gheis- "to be excited, amazed, frightened" (cf. Skt. hedah "wrath;" Avestan zaesha- "horrible, frightful;" Goth. usgaisjan, O.E. gæstan "to frighten"). This was the usual West Germanic word for "supernatural being," and the primary sense seems to have been connected to the idea of "to wound, tear, pull to pieces." The surviving Old English senses, however, are in Christian writing, where it is used to render L. spiritus, a sense preserved in Holy Ghost. Modern sense of "disembodied spirit of a dead person" is attested from late 14c. and returns the word toward its ancient sense. Most Indo-European words for "soul, spirit" also double with reference to supernatural spirits. Many have a base sense of "appearance" (e.g. Gk. phantasma; Fr. spectre; Pol. widmo, from O.C.S. videti "to see;" O.E. scin, O.H.G. giskin, originally "appearance, apparition," related to O.E. scinan, O.H.G. skinan "to shine"). Other concepts are in Fr. revenant, lit. "returning" (from the other world), O.N. aptr-ganga, lit. "back-comer." Bret. bugelnoz is lit. "night-child." Latin manes probably is a euphemism. The gh- spelling appeared early 15c. in Caxton, influenced by Flemish and M.Du. gheest, but was rare in English before mid-16c. Sense of "slight suggestion" (in ghost image, ghost of a chance, etc.) is first recorded 1610s; that in ghost writing is from 1884, but that term is not found until 1919. Ghost town is from 1908. To give up the ghost "die" was in Old English. Ghost in the machine was Gilbert Ryle's term (1949) for "the mind viewed as separate from the body."Ahura Mazda from Avestan ahura- "spirit, lord," from Indo-Iranian *asuras, from suffixed form of PIE root *ansu- "spirit" (see Asgard) + Avestan mazda- "wise," from PIE *mens-dhe- "to set the mind," from root *men- "to think" (see mind (n.)).magnanimity (n.) mid-14c., "loftiness of thought or purpose," from O.Fr. magnanimité "high-mindedness, generosity of spirit," from L. magnanimitatem (nom. magnanimitas) "greatness of soul, high-mindedness," from magnanimus "having a great soul," from magnus "great" (see magnate) + animus "mind, soul, spirit" (see animus). Probably a loan-translation of Gk. megalopsykhos "high-souled, generous" (Aristotle) or megathymus "great-hearted."aggrieved (adj.) "oppressed in spirit," mid-14c., pp. adjective from aggrieve. The legal sense of "injured or wronged in one's rights" is from 1580s.comic (adj.) late 14c., "of comedy in the dramatic sense," from L. comicus, from Gk. komikos "of or pertaining to comedy," from komos (see comedy). Meaning "intentionally funny" first recorded 1791, and comedic (1630s) has since picked up the older sense of the word. Speaking of the masters of the comedic spirit (if I call it, as he does, the Comic Spirit, this darkened generation will suppose me to refer to the animal spirits of tomfools and merryandrews) .... [G.B. Shaw, 1897] Something that is comic has comedy as its aim or origin; something is comical if the effect is comedy, whether intended or not. Noun meaning "a comedian" is from 1580s; that of "comic book or strip" is from 1889 (Comic strip first attested 1920; comic book is from 1941). Comic relief is attested from 1825.liberty (n.) late 14c., "free choice, freedom to do as one chooses," from O.Fr. liberté "freedom, liberty, free will" (14c.), from L. libertatem (nom. libertas) "freedom, condition of a free man; absence of restraint; permission," from liber "free" (see liberal) The spirit of liberty is the spirit which is not too sure it is right. [Learned Hand, 1944] Nautical sense of "leave of absence" is from 1758. To take liberties "go beyond the bounds of propriety" is from 1620s. Sense of "privileges by grant" (14c.) led to sense of "a person's private land" (mid-15c.), which yielded sense in 18c. England and America of "a district within a county but having its own justice of the peace," and also "a district adjacent to a city and in some degree under its municipal jurisdiction" (e.g. Northern Liberties of Philadelphia). Also cf. O.Fr. libertés "local rights, laws, taxes."earth-mother (n.) 1904, folkloric spirit of the earth, conceived as sensual, maternal; a translation of Ger. erdmutter.grim (n.) "spectre, bogey, haunting spirit," 1620s, from grim (adj.).Manitoba Canadian province, named for the lake, which was named for an island in the lake; from Algonquian manitou "great spirit."Pre-Raphaelite c.1848, the "brotherhood" (founded 1847) of Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais, and others who, encouraged by Ruskin, sought to revive the naturalistic spirit of art in the age before Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520).ame damnee (n.) "devoted adherent, toady," 1823, from Fr. âme damnée "familiar spirit," lit. "damned soul," originally a soul damned by compact with a controlling demon.Grateful Dead San Francisco rock band, 1965, the name taken, according to founder Jerry Garcia, from a dictionary entry he saw about the folk tale motif of a wanderer who gives his last penny to pay for a corpse's burial, then is magically aided by the spirit of the dead person. A different version of the concept is found in the Egyptian Book of the Dead.haunt (n.) "place frequently visited," c.1300, also in Middle English, "habit, custom" (early 14c.), from haunt (v.). The meaning "spirit that haunts a place, ghost" is first recorded 1843, originally in stereotypical U.S. black speech. ghoul (n.) 1786, in the English translation of Beckford's "Vathek," from Arabic ghul, an evil spirit that robs graves and feeds on corpses, from ghala "he seized."dybbuk (n.) "malevolent spirit of a dead person possessing the body of a living one," 1903, from Jewish folklore, from Hebrew dibbuk, from dabak "to cling, cleave to."bravura (n.) 1788, "piece of music requiring great skill," from It. bravura "bravery, spirit" (see brave (adj.)). Sense of "display of brilliancy, dash" is from 1813.daimon (n.) transliteration of Gk. daimon "lesser god, guiding spirit, tutelary deity," 1852; see demon. Employed to avoid the post-classical associations of that word.geist (n.) "spirit" of a place or time; "spirituality, intellectuality," 1871, from Ger. Geist (see ghost).rapper (n.) agent noun meaning "one who raps" in any sense (see rap (v.)). Before the current performance sense emerged c.1979, it could mean "spirit-rapper" (1755), prison slang for "prosecutor" (1904), "itinerant antiques buyer" (1914, with a tinge of shadiness), "door-knocker" (1630s).simony (n.) early 13c., "the buying or selling of sacred things," from O.Fr. simonie, from L.L. simonia, from Simon Magus, the Samaritan magician who was rebuked by Peter when he tried to buy the power of conferring the Holy Spirit (Acts viii:18-20).spiracle “air hole,” 1610s, from L. spiraculum, from spirare “to breathe” (see spirit).unbroken c.1300, in reference to vows or compacts, from un- (1) "not" + broken. Attested from late 15c. in reference to material things; 1510s in reference to courage, spirit, etc.; 1530s in reference to horses; 1560s in reference to the flow of time.devil O.E. deofol "evil spirit, a devil, the devil, false god, diabolical person," from L.L. diabolus (also the source of It. diavolo, Fr. diable, Sp. diablo; Ger. Teufel is O.H.G. tiufal, from Latin via Goth. diabaulus), from Ecclesiastical Gk. diabolos, in Jewish and Christian use, "Devil, Satan" (scriptural loan-translation of Heb. satan), in general use "accuser, slanderer," from diaballein "to slander, attack," lit. "throw across," from dia- "across, through" + ballein "to throw" (see ballistics). Jerome re-introduced Satan in Latin bibles, and English translators have used both in different measures. In Vulgate, as in Gk., diabolus and dæmon (see demon) were distinct, but they have merged in English and other Germanic languages. Playful use for "clever rogue" is from c.1600. Meaning "sand spout, dust storm" is from 1835. In U.S. place names, the word often represents a native word such as Algonquian manito, more properly "spirit, god." Phrase a devil way (late 13c.) was originally an emphatic form of away, but taken by late 14c. as an expression of irritation. Devil's books "playing cards" is from 1729, but the cited quote says they've been called that "time out of mind" (the four of clubs is the devil's bedposts); devil's coach-horse is from 1840, the large rove-beetle, which is defiant when disturbed. "Talk of the Devil, and he's presently at your elbow" [1660s].Lilith female evil spirit, in medieval Hebrew folklore the first wife of Adam, from Heb. Lilith, from Akkad. Lilitu, which is connected by folk etymology with Heb. laylah "night."Montanist (n.) mid-15c., millenarian and severely ascetic sect that believed in continual direct inspiration of the spirit and offered prominent church roles to women, from Montanus, Christian-inspired prophet in the wilds of Phrygia c.160 C.E. The heresy persisted into the 6c. and helped bring prophecy into disrepute in the established Church. Related: Montanism.embody (v.) 1540s, in reference to a soul or spirit invested with a physical form; of principles, ideas, etc., from 1660s; from en- (1) "in" + body. Related: Embodied; embodying.spirant breathy consonant, 1862, from L. spirans (gen. spirantis), prp. of spirare "to breathe, blow" (see spirit).suspire mid-15c., from L. suspirare "to draw a deep breath, sigh," from sub "under" + spirare "to breathe" (see spirit).pep (n.) "vigor, energy," 1912, shortened form of pepper (n.), which was used in the figurative sense of "spirit, energy" from at least 1847. Pep rally is attested from 1945; pep talk from 1926. To pep (something) up is from 1925.psychopomp 1863, from Gk. psykhopompos "spirit-guide," a term applied to Charon, Hermes Trismegistos, Apollo; from psykhe (see psyche) + pompos "guide, conductor."pentecostal 1660s, "pertaining to the Pentecost," from L. pentecostalis (Tertullian), from pentecoste (see pentecost). With a capital P- and meaning "Pentecostalist," in reference to "Christian sect emphasizing gifts of the Holy Spirit" (Acts ii), it is attested from 1904 (noun and adjective).Hippocratic (adj.) 1610s, from M.L. Hippocraticus, pertaining to Hippocrates (c.460-377 B.C.E.), the famous ancient Greek physician. Hippocratic Oath is attested from 1747; it is in the spirit of Hippocrates but was not written by him. The name is lit. "one superior in horses."spirometer 1846, formed irregularly from L. spirare "to breathe" (see spirit) + -meter. Related: Spirometry.bucko (n.) term of address, originally (1883) nautical and with a sense of "swaggering, domineering fellow." Probably from buck (n.1) in the slang sense of "a blood or choice spirit." There are in London divers lodges or societies of Bucks, formed in imitation of the Free Masons: one was held at the Rose, in Monkwell-street, about the year 1705. The president is styled the Grand Buck. ["Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," 1811]

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salvation early 13c., originally in the Christian sense, from O.Fr. salvaciun, from L.L. salvationem (nom. salvatio, a Church Latin translation of Gk. soteria), noun of action from salvare "to save" (see save). In general (non-religious) sense, attested from late 14c. Meaning "source of salvation" is from late 14c. Salvation Army is from 1878, founded by the Rev. William Booth. The verb salve "to save from loss at sea" (1706) is a back-formation.Elisha masc. proper name, from Hebrew, lit. "God is salvation," from El "God" + yesha "salvation."soteriology (n.) 1847, in reference to health; 1864 in reference to salvation, from Gk. soteria "preservation, salvation," from soizein "save, preserve" + -ology.Isaiah masc. proper name, name of a biblical prophet, from Heb. Yesha'yah, abbreviated form of Yesha'yahu, lit. "salvation of the Lord," from yesha, yeshua "salvation, deliverance."Hosea masc. proper name, from Heb. Hoshea, lit. "salvation," from stem y-sh- "to save."Joshua masc. proper name, biblical successor of Moses, from Hebrew Yehoshua, lit. "the Lord is salvation." Joshua tree (1867) is perhaps so called because its shape compared to pictures of Joshua brandishing a spear (Josh. viii:18). In the top 10 list of names for boys in the U.S. since 1979.solifidian (n.) "one who believes in salvation by faith alone" (based on Luther's translation of Rom. iii:28), 1590s, Reformation coinage from L. solus "alone" + fides "faith" (see faith). Sally fem. proper name, alteration of Sarah (cf. Hal from Harry, Moll from Mary, etc.). Sally Lunn cakes (1780) supposedly named for the woman in Bath who first made them. Sally Ann as a nickname for Salvation Army is recorded from 1927.hosanna O.E. osanna, via Latin and Greek from Hebrew hosha'na, probably a shortening of hoshi'ah-nna "save, we pray" (cf. Psalms cxviii:25), from imperative of y-sh- (cf. yeshua "salvation, deliverance, welfare") + emphatic particle -na. Originally an appeal for deliverance; used in Christian Church as an ascription of praise, because when Jesus entered Jerusalem this was shouted by Galilean pilgrims in recognition of his messiahhood (Matt. xxi:9, 15, etc.).predestination (n.) mid-14c., "the action of God in foreordaining certain of mankind through grace to salvation or eternal life," from L.L. praedestinationem (nom. praedestinatio) "a determining beforehand," from pp. stem of praedestinare "appoint or determine beforehand," from L. prae- "before" (see pre-) + destinare "appoint, determine" (see destiny). First used in theological sense by Augustine, popularized by Calvin.universal (adj.) late 14c., from O.Fr. universel (12c.), from L. universalis "of or belonging to all," from universus "all together, whole, entire" (see universe). In mechanics, a universal joint (1670s) is one which allows free movement in any direction; in theology universalism (1805) is the doctrine of universal salvation (universalist in this sense is attested from 1620s). Universal product code is recorded from 1974.whole (adj.) O.E. hal "entire, unhurt, healthy," from P.Gmc. *khailaz "undamaged" (cf. O.S. hel, O.N. heill, O.Fris. hal, M.Du. hiel, Du. heel, O.H.G., Ger. heil "salvation, welfare"), from PIE *koilas (cf. O.C.S. celu "whole, complete;" see health). The spelling with wh- developed early 15c. The sense in whole number is from early 14c. For phrase whole hog, see hog.Jesus late 12c. (O.E. simply used hælend "savior"), from Gk. Iesous, which is an attempt to render into Greek the Aramaic proper name Jeshua (Heb. Yeshua) "Jah is salvation," a common Jewish personal name, the later form of Heb. Yehoshua (see Joshua). As an oath, attested from late 14c. For Jesus H. Christ (1924), see I.H.S. First record of Jesus freak is from 1970. Jesu, common in M.E., is from the Old French objective case.infralapsarian 1731, from infra- + L. lapsus "a fall" (see lapse). In reference to the Calvinist doctrine that god's election of some to everlasting life was consequent to his decree to allow the Fall of man, and was thus a remedial measure. Contrasted to supralapsarian, in reference to the belief that He always meant to consign most of mankind to eternal fire and that the decision to create some men to be damned was his first decree. There's also a moderate sublapsarian view. Here the decree to elect those who would believe and leave those who do not believe to damnation also comes after the decree to allow the fall, but the decree to provide salvation for man comes immediately after the decree to elect.shelter (n.) 1580s, "structure affording protection," possibly an alteration of M.E. sheltron, sheldtrume "roof or wall formed by locked shields," from O.E. scyldtruma, from scield "shield" (see shield (n.)) + truma "troop," related to O.E. trum "firm, strong" (see trim). The notion is of a compact body of men protected by interlocking shields. Figurative sense is recorded from 1580s; meaning "temporary lodging for homeless poor" is first recorded 1890 in Salvation Army jargon; sense of "temporary home for animals" is from 1971.

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